THUẬT NGỮ LATIN PHÁP LÝ ( p1) - GS.TS ĐỖ HỮU VINH

a fortiori	from stronger	An a fortiori argument is an "argument from a stronger reason", meaning that because one fact is true, that a second related and included fact must also be true.	/ˌeɪ fɔrtiˈɔəraɪ/, /ˌeɪ fɔrʃiˈɔəraɪ/
a mensa et thoro	from table and bed	Divorce a mensa et thoro indicates legal separation without legal divorce.	/ˌeɪ ˈmɛnsə ɛt ˈθɔəroʊ/
a posteriori	from later	An argument derived from subsequent event	/ˌeɪ ˌpɒstɪəri.ɔəraɪ/
a priori	from earlier	An argument derived from previous event	/ˌeɪ praɪ.ɔəraɪ/
a quo	from which	Regarding a court below in an appeal, either a court of first instance or an appellate court, known as the court a quo.	/ˌeɪ ˈkwoʊ/
ab extra	from outside	Concerning a case, a person may have received some funding from a 3rd party. This funding may have been considered ab extra.	/ˌæb ˈɛkstrə/
ab initio	from the beginning	"Commonly used referring to the time a contract, statute, marriage, or deed become legal. e.g The couple was covered ab initio by her health policy."[1]	/ˌæb ɪˈnɪʃi.oʊ/
absque hoc	without this	"Presenting the negative portion of a plea when pleading at common by way a special traverse."[1]
Actori incumbit probatio	On the plaintiff rests the proving	The burden of proof falls to the plaintiff, claimant, or petitioner according to Roman law.
actus reus	guilty act	Part of what proves criminal liability (with mens rea)	/ˌæktəs ˈriː.əs/
ad coelum	to the sky	Abbreviated from Cuius est solum eius est usque ad coelum et ad infernos which translates to "[for] whoever owns [the] soil, [it] is his all the way [up] to Heaven and [down] to Hell." The principle that the owner of a parcel of land also owns the air above and the ground below the parcel.	/ˌæd ˈsiːləm/
ad colligenda bona	to collect the goods
ad hoc	for this	Generally signifies a solution designed for a specific problem or task, non-generalizable, and not intended to be able to be adapted to other purposes.	/ˌæd ˈhɒk/
ad hominem	at the person	Attacking an opponent's character rather than answering his argument.	/ˌæd ˈhɒmɨnɛm/
ad idem	to the same thing	In agreement.	/ˌæd ˈaɪdəm/
ad infinitum	to infinity	To continue forever.	/ˌæd ɪnfɨˈnaɪtəm/
ad litem	for the case	Describes a party designated to represent another party who is deemed incapable of representing him/herself (e.g. a child or incapacitated adult).	/ˌæd ˈlaɪtɛm/
ad quod damnum	according to the harm	Used in tort law. Implies that the reward or penalty ought to correspond to the damage suffered or inflicted.
ad valorem	according to value		/ˌæd vəˈlɔərɛm/
adjournment sine die	adjournment without a day	When an assembly adjourns without setting a date for its next meeting.	/ˌsaɪniː ˈdaɪ.iː/
affidavit	he has sworn	A formal statement of fact.	/ˌæfɨˈdeɪvɨt/
alter ego	another I	A second identity living within a person.
amicus curiae	friend of the court	A person who offers information to a court regarding a case before it.	/əˈmaɪkəs ˈkjʊəri.iː/
animus contrahendi	contractual intent	Intention to contract
animus nocendi	intention to harm	The subjective state of mind of the author of a crime, with reference to the exact knowledge of illegal content of his behaviour, and of its possible consequences.
animus possidendi	intention to possess	"In order to claim possessory rights, an individual must establish physical control of the res and the intention to possess (i.e. animus possidendi)"[2]
animus revertendi	intention to return	"Wild animals, such as bees and homing pigeons, that by habit go 'home' to their possessor. Used when discussing ferae naturae."[2]
ante	before
(in) arguendo	for the sake of argument
Audi alteram partem	hear the other side	Refers to the idea that one cannot be fairly judged unless the cases for and against them have been heard.