Thứ Bảy, 27 tháng 8, 2016

TỪ ĐIỂN MẪU CÂU LUẬT HỌC ANH-VIỆT ( GS.TS ĐỖ HỮU VINH _ ST.1 )



STRUCTURE 1 ( ST1) :  UNDER

USAGE:  

  1. 1.      in, at, or to a position down from; lower than; below: shoes under the bed, under a blazing sun

  1. beneath the surface of: under water
  2. below and to the other side of: we drove under a bridge
  3. covered, surmounted, enveloped, or concealed by: to wear a vest under a coat
  4.  
    1. lower in authority, position, power, etc. than
    2. lower in value, amount, etc. than; less than
    3. lower than the required or standard degree of: under the age specified for the job
  5. in a position or condition regarded as lower than or inferior to, or implying subordination to; specif.,
    1. subject to the control, limitations, government, direction, instruction, or influence of: under orders from the President, under oath, born under Aries
    2. burdened, oppressed, or distressed by: under a strain
    3. subjected to; undergoing: under an anesthetic, under repair
  6. with the character, pretext, disguise, or cover of: under an alias
  7. in or included in (the designated category, division, class, etc.): spiders are classified under arachnids
  8. during the rule of: literature flourished under Elizabeth I
  9. being the subject of: the question under discussion
  10. having regard for; because of: under the circumstances
  11. authorized or attested by: under her signature
  12. planted with; sown with: an acre under corn


o   Under a cloud bị tình nghi; bị thất sủng.
o   Under age dưới tuổi trưởng thành (dưới 18 tuổi).
o   Under arms nắm chắc tay súng, được trang bị vũ khí để sẵn sàng chiến đấu.
o   Under canvas 1) sống trong lều (binh lính). 2) căng buồm lên (thuyền).
o   Under convoy được hộ tống; được bảo vệ.
o   Under cover of sth 1) giả danh, đội lốt. 2) dưới sự yểm trợ của.
o   under discussion  đang được thảo luận, đang được trao đổi
o   under examination  đang được thẩm tra; đang được xem xét
o   Under false colour 1) treo cờ giả (không đúng của nước mình). 2) (bóng) giấu tên thật để hoạt động (dưới cái tên giả).
o   under false colours  (tàu thuyền) cắm cờ sai về quyền sử dụng; treo cờ giả, đánh lừa
o   Under favourable, etc auspices điều kiện thuận lợi, có điềm lành, có triển vọng tốt (thuận lợi).
o   under licence sản phẩm được cấp phép.
o   under lock and key 1) bị nhốt kỹ, giam chặt. 2) thật an toàn; thật bảo mật (không lộ bí mật).
o   under lock and key nhốt kỹ, giam giữ một cách chặt chẽ.
o   Under one’s belt đã giành được (giắt lưng); đã đạt được.
o   Under one’s breath thì thào, thì thầm, lầm bầm (người khác không nghe được).
o   under one’s very eyes ngay dưới con mắt ai, trước sự có mặt của ai
o   Under sb’s charge dưới sự chăm sóc của ai, dưới sự chịu trách nhiệm của ai.
o   under sb’s feet  quẩn chân (ai), quấy rầy làm phiền ai
o   Under the aegis of sb/sth dưới sự bảo trợ của ai/của cái gì.
o   Under the auspice of sb/sth dưới sự bảo trợ; được ai/cái gì che chở hoặc đỡ đầu.
o   Under the banner of sth dưới ngọn cờ của cái gì, đi theo hay ủng hộ (một tư tưởng).
o   Under the counter bán lén lút (hàng hoá), bán hàng phi pháp; bán giấu diếm bất hợp pháp.
o under the doctor  đucợ bác sĩ theo dõi và điều trị
o   under the guise of dưới chiêu bài  của (cái gì)
o   under the heel of sb sống dưới gót giày của ai, bị (ai) thông trị, dưới sự điều khiển.
o   under the influence 1) chịu ảnh hưởng của. 2) có dấu hiệu say rượu (hơi men), có dấu hiệu [biểu hiện] uống quá nhiều rượu.
o   under the label of dưới chiêu bài; dưới danh hiệu.

MẪU CÂU:

o   Bashir denied involvement but repeatedly defended the camp as legal under Islam.  


o   Unite insists the action would be legal under European human rights legislation.  


o   Microsoft's complaint about YouTube could fall under a number of legal theories.  


o   This year, it paid $130 million under terms of a legal settlement with retirees.  


o   Under the 2009 Fair Work Act, a worker has a legal right to request flexibility.  


o   Other legal inquiries involving rendition are under way in both Italy and Spain.  


o   Under CRTC regulations, however, the callsign is still the station's legal name.  


o   The legal challenge came on a day the deal also came under attack in Parliament.  


o   Other bits of the Dodd-Frank financial reforms could now come under legal attack.  


o   Bashir denied involvement but repeatedly defended the camp as legal under Islam.  


o   Unite insists the action would be legal under European human rights legislation.  


o   Microsoft's complaint about YouTube could fall under a number of legal theories.  


o   This year, it paid $130 million under terms of a legal settlement with retirees.  

o   Under the 2009 Fair Work Act, a worker has a legal right to request flexibility.  


o   Other legal inquiries involving rendition are under way in both Italy and Spain.  


o   Under CRTC regulations, however, the callsign is still the station's legal name.  


o   The legal challenge came on a day the deal also came under attack in Parliament.  


o   Other bits of the Dodd-Frank financial reforms could now come under legal attack.  

o   The case is under legal review, and KBR has said it was not responsible for Maseth's death.  


o   This means that nearly 40% of patients in NHS psychiatric units are there under legal duress.  


o   Under Indonesia's legal system, prosecutors often return dossiers they consider incomplete.  


o   Lee's midcourse budget shift also could come under legal challenge.  


o   Would such notification have been necessary under legal ethics?  


o   The easement plan is under legal review at the Yolo Land Trust.  


o   Charles I however, did not grant it as law and he was under no legal restriction.  


o   The GCSB believed it was operating under the legal authority of those warrants.  


o   The official spoke on condition of anonymity because the case is still under legal confidentiality.
o   These plans are run by private insurance companies under contract with Medicare.  


o   In the second quarter, all of Parker's available barge rigs were under contract.  


o   Hobbs sustained a career-ending neck injury and Patterson is not under contract.  


o   Errol proved a big hit and was put under contract becoming an immediate success.  


o   Never mind that both are under contract with the Titans through the next season.  


o   Since The Ascent re-opened for sales Dec. 23, 26 homes have gone under contract.  


o   Nemechek is under contract through 2009 but might consider joining another team.  


o   They went into training camp with the maximum 15 players already under contract.  


o   Jones, who is under contract with them for the winter, finished with six points.
o   These plans are run by private insurance companies under contract with Medicare.  


o   In the second quarter, all of Parker's available barge rigs were under contract.  


o   Hobbs sustained a career-ending neck injury and Patterson is not under contract.  


o   Errol proved a big hit and was put under contract becoming an immediate success.  


o   Never mind that both are under contract with the Titans through the next season.  


o   Since The Ascent re-opened for sales Dec. 23, 26 homes have gone under contract.  


o   Nemechek is under contract through 2009 but might consider joining another team.  


o   They went into training camp with the maximum 15 players already under contract.  

o   Jones, who is under contract with them for the winter, finished with six points.




GIỚI TỪ TIẾNG ANH SỬ DỤNG TRONG NGÔN BẢN LUẬT SƯ



GIỚI TỪ TIẾNG ANH SỬ DỤNG TRONG NGÔN BẢN LUẬT SƯ

List of Prepositions Used in Legal English
Here is a non-exhaustive list of prepositions in common usage in legal English, together with examples of usage. Note that prepositions are sometimes used in twos (pursuant to, owing to, due to etc) and even threes (as far as, by means of, in accordance with etc), and examples of prepositions strung together in this way are also included below.

One word

about – the lawyer was about to go into court when the telephone rang
above – please refer to the paragraph above which deals with the insurance arrangements
across – she went across to the court to issue the proceedings
after – the contract was signed after the parties had agreed the prices to be paid for the goods
against – the company began trademark infringement proceedings against one of its competitors
along – the client did not go along with the advice given by the lawyer
among (or amongst) – a copy of the plan of the property was found among the papers in the file
around – we expect the purchase price to be around €500,000
at – the contract stipulates that the goods must arrive at the depot at 10.00 on 13 July
before – the lawyer appeared before the judge in court and argued her client’s case
behind – it seemed likely that a criminal gang was behind the thefts from the local garage
below – the company was not prepared to consider offers below a threshold of $3 million
beneath – the Emperor of Ruritania considered it beneath his dignity to open a supermarket in Inverness
between – an agreement was reached between Haxter Ltd and Tollby Ltd on 14 September 2011
beyond – it is important not to go beyond what was agreed without discussing the matter with the client first
by – the invoice must be paid by the client by 3 May
concerning – we have received further information concerning the warranties to be included in the share purchase agreement
despite – we have instructions to proceed with the case despite the points raised in the defence
down – the lawyer advised her client to turn down the offer made by the defendant
during – a great deal of new evidence emerged during the course of the testimony given by the witness
except – this restriction applies to all applications except those already received by the company
excluding – the contract contains a provision excluding liability in certain cases of default
following – the following items must be supplied no later than 25 January
for – payment for the goods shall be made on delivery
from – we have now received the necessary undertakings from the defendant’s lawyer
in – the price list is set out in schedule 1
including – we seek delivery of all the missing parts, including those currently stored in the defendant’s warehouse
into – the clerk asked the parties to go back into court following the adjournment
near – the court is near to the cathedral
next – the client agreed to bring the documents to the next meeting
of – the attorney was a member of various professional organisations
off – certain discussions took place between the lawyers off the record
on – the new law on employment contracts comes into force tomorrow
opposite – the court is located opposite the cathedral in the central square
out – the lawyers worked out the terms of a compromise agreement
over – a dispute arose between the landowners over the positioning of the boundary
per – a travel allowance of €40 per day was paid to the employee
plus – the invoice came to €400 plus VAT
regarding – negotiations took place regarding usage of the storage facilities owned by the company
since – there have been a number of significant developments in the case since the previous court hearing
than – the amount of damages awarded by the court was more than the lawyer had anticipated
through – the lawyer read through the papers in the file
to – delivery shall be made to an address notified by the purchaser to the vendor
towards – a great deal of progress has been made towards settlement of the case, but a little more time is required in order to reach final agreement between the parties
under – the witness gave evidence under oath
until – it is unlikely that the case will be settled until the morning of the hearing
up – he brought up the question of our fees again
upon – the proceedings were served upon the defendant yesterday
via – all contact with the claimant was conducted via her lawyer
with – he was charged with murder
within – the goods must be delivered within 14 days of signature of the contract
without – the total amount of the invoice is €30,450 without VAT


Two words

according to – according to the contract, rent must be paid on the third day of each month
ahead of – we should schedule a further meeting ahead of the next court hearing
apart from – there are no further matters to be resolved apart from the copyright issue
as of – the new law on employment is in force as of midnight tonight
as regards – as regards payment of our fee, we can offer an instalment option
aside from – there are one or two issues we need to address aside from the question of trademarks
because of – this litigation arose because of the unreasonable position taken by the defendant
close to – the case is now close to settlement, but there are several issues still to be resolved
due to – the office is closed tomorrow due to a public holiday
except for
far from – the contract is far from ready to be signed, since a number of amendments need to be made to it
instead of – overtime worked by the employee shall be compensated by extra holiday instead of payment
out of – payment was made out of the company’s account
owing to – the advice given to the client was amended owing to a recent decision of the Court of Appeal
prior to – the consent of the bank must be obtained prior to the share transfer being made
pursuant to – the company changed its name pursuant to the new legislation on company names
regardless of – our client wishes to seek an injunction against his neighbour regardless of whether the building work is suspended or not
subsequent to – the court’s decision was handed down subsequent to the new law coming into force
thanks to – a satisfactory outcome was achieved in the case, thanks to the meticulous work undertaken by the claimant’s lawyers
that of – one issue still remains to be resolved – that of the payment method to be used

Three words

as far as – the summons has not yet been served as far as I know
as well as – the vendor must deliver the software as well as the hardware no later than 10 December
by means of – payment shall be made by means of direct bank transfer
in accordance with – the sum of $45,000 must be paid on 5 October in accordance with the court order
in addition to – certain legal documents require the signature of witnesses as well as the parties in order to be valid
in case of – in case of fire the lifts should not be used
in lieu of – the employee shall receive time off in lieu of payment
in spite of – the assignment was completed by the agreed deadline in spite of several unforeseen difficulties that arose along the way
on account of – the firm’s usual practice is to ask clients to pay a certain sum on account of costs prior to carrying out any work for them
on behalf of – the lawyer appeared on behalf of her client at the pre-trial review
on top of – we will need to study the documents carefully in order to get on top of the case
with regard to / with respect to – with regard to / with respect to the question of costs, we consider that the sum of €35,000 should be adequate