TU DIEN BIEN PHIEN DICH 4 ( GS.TS ĐỖ HỮU VINH)

CỤM TỪ KINH DOANH NGOẠI THƯƠNG (Useful Expressions - Business Language) 1. Apologizing 2. Asking for Help 3. Business Introductions 4. Company Description 5. Describing Business Activities 6. Describing Jobs 7. Describing Products 8. Describing Projects 9. Explaining 10. Expressing Appreciation 11. Forward Looking Statements 12. Invitations 13. Job Responsibilities 14. Offering 15. Requesting 16. Terms of Payment 17. Using Tenses Appropriately 18. Welcoming Visitors Useful Expressions - Business Interaction 19. Analyzing Problems 20. Asking for Information 21. Closing a Conversation 22. Customer Survey (Restaurant) 23. Discussing Agenda Items 24. Making Appointments 25. Meetings and Discussions 26. How to Plan a Meeting Useful Expressions - Business Correspondence 27. Business Letters 28. Common Phrases for Business Letters 29. Useful phrases from Learn-English-Today.com 30. Helpful Hints for Business Letters 31. Sample Topics for Business Letters 32. Writer's Checklist Useful Expressions - Business Presentation 33. Nervous Mannerisms 34. Presentation Tips 35. Signposting 36. Simple Presentations 37. Speech Preparation 38. The Language of Charts and Graphs 39. Thinking Positively about Presentations 1. Apologizing Apologizing I'm sorry. I made a mistake. Please accept my apologies. I'm sorry. I didn't mean to . . . (I'm) sorry. I didn't realize that . . . . That's okay. No problem. Prefacing bad news I'm sorry (I have) to tell you this, but . . . I hate to tell you this, but . . . I don't know how to tell you this, but . . . I have some bad news. (Formal) written apologies We regret to inform you that . . . Regretfully, . . . Unfortunately, . . . 2. Asking for Help Informal This is my boss, Mr. Stratford. Jared, this is my secretary, Barbara. Good to meet you. Nice to meet you too. I'd like you to meet my co-worker, Collin Beck. Collin, this is Susan Palmer. Nice to meet you. My pleasure. Have you met, Jason? Jason, this is Teresa. Hi, I'm Jill Watson. I don't believe we've met. I'm Greg. Formal I'd like to introduce you to my dear friend, Mrs. Pleasant. Allow me to introduce myself/my colleague, Ms. Winters Let me introduce you to my colleague, Dean Richards. Mr. Richards, this is David Porter from Aerospace Inc. How do you do? How do you do? It's a pleasure meeting you. Important body language to remember: Smile, eye contact, firm handshake. 3. Business Introductions What do you do at ABC Company? I am in charge of marketing. I'm responsible for sales. I program computers. I recruit and train employees. What does your company do? We design software. We build storage units. We produce small appliances. We're in the insurance business. 4. Company Description What company do you work for? Which company are you with? Who do you represent? I work for ABC Company. I'm with ABC. I represent (the) XYZ (company). What is the name of your company? Where are you located? The name of our company is . . . . Our company is located in . . . . Our headquarters is in . . . What (type of business) do you do? What business are you in? We are in the computer business. We're in computers We sell . . . We produce . . . We manufacture . . . Our major products are . . . 5. Describing Business Activities What do you do at ABC Company? I am in charge of marketing. I'm responsible for sales. I program computers. I recruit and train employees. What does your company do? We design software. We build storage units. We produce small appliances. We're in the insurance business. 6. Describing Jobs What do you do? What do you do for a living? What is your occupation? What type of work do you do? Where do you work? I'm a salesman. (job-general) I'm in sales. (general) I'm in the toy business. (industry) I'm a contractor at JBX. (specific) I'm a consultant for YXL. What company do you work for? I work for Bellwest. (company name) I work at Wellbest. (general) I'm with Westbell. What do you do there? What do you do at Bellwest? I'm a software engineer. (job title) I work in the sales department. (place in company) I'm in customer service. (general area) I work as an instructor. (specific job) I build houses. (main activity) I clean the restrooms. 7. Describing Products Tell me about (this product) What can you tell me about (this product)? Can you give me some information/details about this? What is special/unique about this? What are the specifications? Let me tell you about . . . This is our (newest) product. This is one of our latest designs. It is made of . . . It can be used for . . . You can use it to . . . You can . . . with it This has/contains . . . This one features . . . This comes with . . . This is equipped with . . . This particular model . . . This is priced at . . . This costs . . . 8. Describing Projects What are your current projects? What are you working on (at present)? What are your major initiatives in this area? We are currently working on . . . We are in the process of . . . We are developing . . . We are designing . . . We are building . . . We are marketing . . . 9. Explaining Can you explain . . . Can you tell me why . . . Why . . . What happened . . . Well, . . . Let me explain. Let me tell you why . . . Here's what happened: There's a (good) reason for this: The reason is . . . I'm sorry. I can't tell you that (right now). Can I get back to you on that? I'll explain (a little) later. We'll come to that later. We'll get to that in a few minutes. Can we save that until later? 10. Expressing Appreciation Thanks. Thank you. I appreciate it. Thanks for the tour. Thank you for the nice gift. I appreciate your hospitality. I appreciate your lending me the chain saw. 11. Forward Looking Statements What are your plans for the future? What are your projections for the next quarter? What do you expect to achieve (in the near future)? What are your (sales) projections for next six months? What are your goals for the coming year? We expect . . . We plan to . . . We project . . . We hope to . . . We should . . . We will be (V+ing) . . . If all goes as planned, Our projections are . . . According to our projections, 12. Invitations Informal: Would you like to . . . We're going to . . . . Would you like to come along? There's a . . . . (tonight). Would you like to go? How about (V+ing) . . . ? Do you want to . . . ? I wonder if you would like to . . . I was wondering if you would like to . . . Formal: I'd like to invite you to . . . If you have time, I'd like to invite you . . . Would you like to join us for (event) at (time) ? We'd be glad to have you accompany us . . . We'd be delighted/honored to have you as our guest at . . . 13. Job Responsibilities What do you do (in your job)? What is your main job? What are you in charge of? I am in charge of training employees. I am responsible for watering the plants. I take care of corporate accounts. I usually answer telephones. I mainly write reports. I repair jet engines. 14. Offering Informal Cigarette? Would you like some coffee? How about a glass of water? Here. Have a/some . . . Would you like one of these? Can I get you something? What can I get you something to drink? No thank you Yes, please. Sure. Thanks. Okay. Thanks. I really shouldn't. No. Thanks anyway. Juice would be fine. Formal Would you care for some . . . Would you like to try . . . Let me offer you . . . Let me get you a/some . . 15. Requesting Informal Please . . . Would you . . . Could you . . . Would you please . . . . Could you possibly . . . Would you mind (V+ing) . . . Could you do me a favor? Formal Could I ask you to . . . Would you mind if I asked you to . . . Would you be so kind as to . . . 16. Terms of Payment I'd like to pay (in) cash. I'll put it on my credit card. Can I charge it? Could you put that on my bill? Could I put that on my account? Could you send me an invoice? Could you bill me (for that)? Can I put it on lay-away? May I . . . pay in cash pay by check pay by credit card pay with a credit card pay in installments pay in one lump sum Could you deliver it to my office? Do you charge for shipping? Do I need to pay for postage and handling? How long will it take? 17. Using Tenses Appropriately Use simple past tense to describe something that wholly occurred at a specific time in the past: I graduated from NYU in 2014. NOT: I have graduated since 2014. (That's when the ceremony occurred.) (Incorrect!) I finished the Hollins project last week. I have finished the Hollins project last week. (Specific time) (Incorrect!) Use present perfect tense to describe something that has been in effect from a certain point in the past until now. Be careful! Some verbs are used for specific actions; others are used for conditions that cover lengths of time. I met Mr. Flinders last year at a Convention in Little Rock. I have met him since last year. I have known him since last year. (Specific time) (Incorrect!) (Correct!) Use simple present tense to describe facts. I work for IBS Corporation. He's a sanitation engineer. I am responsible for orienting new employees. She answers company correspondence. Use present progressive tense to describe ongoing projects. I am developing new software. She is teaching the hearing-impaired. We are building a new mall in East Heights. 18. Welcoming Visitors Welcoming Welcome to Cando Enterprises. Welcome to London. I'm John Taylor. Meeting someone you don't know 1. A: Patricia Murphy? B: Yes. A: Hi, I'm Kevin Chen of Myotex Industries. Welcome to Taiwan. 2. A: Are you Mr. Blanks? B: Yes, I am. A: I'm Jane Placid. (We talked by telephone.) Welcome to Sydney. It's nice to meet you in person. B: Nice meeting you too. A: How was your flight? B: Okay, but very long. 3. A: You must be Ms. Terius. B: That's right. A: It's a pleasure to meet you. I'm Brad Wilson. Welcome to Suntech. B: Thank you A: Did you have any problem finding this place? B: No, your directions were very clear. Useful Expressions - Business Interaction 19. Analyzing Problems Focusing on the main problem/issue What is the main problem? What is the real issue (here)? (I think) the major problem is . . . Our primary concern is . . . The crux of the matter is . . . (As I see it), the most important thing is . . . The main problem we need to solve is . . . We really need to take care of . . . It all comes down to this: 20. Asking for Information Information about company What does your company do? We produce marketing materials. What is your specialty? What do you specialize in? We specialize in art and design. What is your main line of business? What are your major products? We produce office machines. What services do you provide? We design software. We provide technical support. Information about Price What are you asking for this? What does this sell for? How much is it? How much does it run? This (one) sells for $5900. This one goes for $2900. This one is priced at $9695. 21. Closing a Conversation Pre-closing It's been nice talking to you. It's been great talking with you. I really enjoyed meeting you. It was nice meeting you, Mr. Brown. I'm sorry, but I have to go now. I'm afraid I have to leave now. Thanks for the information/ the tour/ your time. Thanks for taking the time to talk with us. Follow up I'll give you a call. I'll send you an e-mail. I'll put a packet in the mail for you. We'll send out that information right away. I'll have my secretary schedule an appointment. Could you send me a brochure/some more information? Could I contact you by e-mail/at your office? How do I get in touch with you? How can I reach/contact you? Closing I look forward to seeing you again. We'll see you on Friday. See you next week. Let me give you my business card. Here's my e-mail/office number. Let's keep in touch by e-mail. We'll be in touch. Call me if you have any questions. E-mail me. 22. Customer Survey (Restaurant) Customer Survey (Restaurant) What types of food do you like to eat? What types of food do you not like to eat? How often do you go out for a meal? On what days of the week do you usually eat out? Which meal(s) (breakfast, lunch, dinner) do you eat outside of your home? How much do you spend on a typical meal? Do you go out alone, as a couple, or in groups? What are your main criteria in choosing a restaurant? What are your main reasons for not going out to eat? What is your primary means of transportation? What area of the city do you live in? 23. Discussing Agenda Items Let's start with . . . Let's start by . . . The first item on the agenda is . . . We need to discuss . . . Let's look at item number one. Let's move on to number two. The next item on the agenda is . . . What's next on the agenda? Does anyone have any comments? Any comments? Are there any comments on that? What do you think? Good idea. Good point. Does everyone agree on that? 24. Making Appointments I'd like to make an appointment with Dr. Bill. I'd like to schedule a meeting with Ms. Terry. Could I schedule a time to meet with Mr. East? What time is best for you? When would be a good time for you? Would 9:00 on Thursday be okay? He'll be in on Tuesday. His schedule is open all day Monday. She's free any day but Wednesday. Dr. Itup will be away until Friday. Will Mr. Rodgers be in tomorrow? Is he available next Wednesday? Does he have any openings on Tuesday? Does she have any time on Thursday? Sorry, her calendar is full on Monday. She will be out on Wednesday. He doesn't have time on Tuesday. How about Friday at 4:00? Thursday at 10:00 will be fine. Friday at 11:00 sounds good. Okay. Tuesday morning at 9. Monday at 8:00 is not good for me. Wednesday is not possible 25. Meetings and Discussions Getting started Let's get started. We need to discuss . . . We need to talk about . . . Talking about discussion items The first thing we need to discuss is . . . The first item on the agenda is . . . The first thing on the list is . . . First, we need to talk about . . . Presenting Options We have several alternatives: We have two options: We could either . . . or . . . Moving on Let's move on to Item 2. Let's move on to the next topic. We need to move on. The next item (of business) is . . . We need to go on to the next item. Shall/Should we move on? Stalling the Discussion Before we move on, I think we should . . . Wait a minute. We haven't discussed . . . Don't you think we need to . . . Not so fast. We haven't (yet) . . . Asking for Clarification What to you mean by . . . . I don't quite follow you. I didn't get what you meant by . . . Could you clarify that? Could you elaborate on that? Making a Suggestion/Proposal I think we should . . . Maybe we should . . . I suggest . . . Why don't we . . . How about . . . We could . . . Giving Feedback (I think) that's a good idea. You have a good point. Good idea/point. I agree. I disagree. I think . . . Sorry. I don't agree with you. You have a good point, but . . . That's not such a good idea. I don't think that's a good idea. Asking for Opinions What do you think, George? What's your opinion on that, Martha? Any thoughts on that? Any ideas? Checking for Consensus Do we all agree (on that)? Does everyone agree? Summarizing In summary, The conclusion is . . . So, we've decided to . . . We're going to . . . (then) Closing the meeting That's all for today. That's it then. (informal) The meeting is adjourned. (very formal) Useful Expressions - Business Correspondence 26. Business Letters **** Sample Letter: Modified Block Style **** Trent Chang 56 Somerset Lane Kai Tak, Kowloon Hong Kong April 21, 2014 Marketing Director Dymon Publications 2201 South Maple Street Salt Lake City, UT 84797 U.S.A. Dear Sir/Madam, I would like to order ten (10) copies of the book, Touchy Situations: A Conversation Text for ESL Students. I recently came across this book at a local teachers' conference and was very impressed by its format and contents. Could you please send the books by express mail? I need them for class next Monday. Also, would you mind sending your latest catalog or brochure? Thank you for your prompt attention. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Best regards, Trent Chang **** Sample Letter: Block Style **** Dymon Publications 2201 South Maple Street Salt Lake City, UT 84797 U.S.A. April 21, 2014 Trent Chang 56 Somerset Lane Kai Tak, Kowloon Hong Kong Dear Mr. Chang, Thank you for your order of Touchy Situations: A Conversation Text for ESL Students. I sent the books by RedFex on April 20. They should be arriving within a few days if they are not there already. Please let me know if there are any problems with the shipment. As requested, I am enclosing a brochure, which provides information about our other products. You may also check out our web site at http://www.dymonbooks.com. If you have further questions, please don't hesitate to contact me. Sincerely, Alan Gordon Dymon Publications Enc: brochure 27. Common Phrases for Business Letters Request for information I am writing to inquire about . . . I am writing in reference to . . . I read/heard . . . and would like to know . . . Could you please send me . . . at the address below/above Thank you for your assistance. I look forward to hearing from you. Response to request Thank you for your interest/inquiry Enclosed is the information you requested. You can learn more about this at . . . If you have further questions, If you require assistance, please contact: If I can be of more help, please feel free to contact me at . . . Sample Sentences: Requests Could you please send me your most recent brochure? Could you fax me the results of the market survey? I would like to order ten copies of the book, Touchy Situations. I would be very grateful if you could send me this information. Please return the enclosed envelope with your payment. Sample Sentences: Goodwill Thank you for your hospitality. I enjoyed having lunch with you last week while I was in New York. Congratulations on your promotion to General Manager. I want(ed) to congratulate you on your new position. I was happy to hear that contract negotiations went well. Sample Sentences: Introduction of Product/Service. I am writing to tell you about . . . (Our new product) is coming out next month. This product/service is designed to (help you) . . . Sample Sentences: Reference I am writing in regard to . . . I am writing in reference to . . . Please refer to the enclosed invoice/brochure. I hope you have had a chance to look over the materials we sent. Sample Sentences: Confirmation I am writing to confirm . . . I would like to confirm what we discussed last Friday. I would just like to confirm the main points we discussed . . . Sample Sentences: Notification I am writing to let you know that . . . Please be aware/informed that . . . I would like to inform you of a recent policy change. I am happy to inform you that . . . Your request for funding has been approved. Sample Sentences: Offering Assistance We would be happy to . . . If we can be of assistance, please don't hesitate to ask. Sample Sentences: Collection According to our records . . . Our records show that . . . Your monthly installment is past due. Please send payment as soon as possible. 28. Useful phrases for Business letter Useful phrases and vocabulary for writing business letters. ________________________________________ Salutation • Dear Mr. Brown • Dear Ms. White • Dear Sir • Dear Madam • Dear Sir or Madam • Gentlemen Starting • We are writing - to inform you that ... - to confirm ... - to request ... - to enquire about ... • I am contacting you for the following reason... • I recently read/heard about ..... and would like to know .... • Having seen your advertisement in ..., I would like to ... • I would be interested in (obtaining / receiving) ... • I received your address from ----- and would like to ... Referring to previous contact • Thank you for your letter of March 15. • Thank you for contacting us. • In reply to your request, ... • Thank you for your letter regarding ... • With reference to our telephone conversation yesterday... • Further to our meeting last week ... • It was a pleasure meeting you in London last month. • I enjoyed having lunch with you last week in Tokyo. • I would just like to confirm the main points we discussed on Tuesday. Making a request • We would appreciate it if you would ... • I would be grateful if you could ... • Could you please send me ... • Could you possibly tell us / let us have ... • In addition, I would like to receive ... • It would be helpful if you could send us ... • I am interested in (obtaining / receiving) ... • I would appreciate your immediate attention to this matter. • Please let me know what action you propose to take. Offering help • Would you like us to ...? • We would be happy to ... • We are quite willing to ... • Our company would be pleased to ... Giving good news • We are pleased to announce that ... • I am delighted to inform you that .. • You will be pleased to learn that ... Giving bad news • We regret to inform you that ... • I'm afraid it would not be possible to ... • Unfortunately we cannot / we are unable to ... • After careful consideration we have decided (not) to ... Complaining • I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with ... • I am writing to complain about ... • Please note that the goods we ordered on ( date ) have not yet arrived. • We regret to inform you that our order n° ----- is now considerably overdue. • I would like to query the transport charges which seem unusually high. Apologizing  We are sorry for the delay in replying to ...  I regret any inconvenience caused (by) ...  I would like to apologize for the (delay, inconvenience)...  Once again, please accept my apologies for ... Orders  Thank you for your quotation of ...  We are pleased to place an order with your company for..  We would like to cancel our order n° .....  Please confirm receipt of our order.  I am pleased to acknowledge receipt of your order n° .....  Your order will be processed as quickly as possible.  It will take about (two/three) weeks to process your order.  We can guarantee you delivery before ...(date)  Unfortunately these articles are no longer available / are out of stock. Prices  Please send us your price list.  You will find enclosed our most recent catalogue and price list.  Please note that our prices are subject to change without notice.  We have pleasure in enclosing a detailed quotation.  We can make you a firm offer of ... Referring to payment  Our terms of payment are as follows ...  Our records show that we have not yet received payment of ...  According to our records ...  Please send payment as soon as possible.  You will receive a credit note for the sum of ... Enclosing documents  I am enclosing ...  Please find enclosed ...  You will find enclosed ... Closing remarks  If we can be of any further assistance, please let us know.  If I can help in any way, please do not hesitate to contact me.  If you require more information ...  For further details ...  Thank you for taking this into consideration.  Thank you for your help.  We hope you are happy with this arrangement.  We hope you can settle this matter to our satisfaction. Referring to future business  We look forward to a successful working relationship in the future.  We would be (very) pleased to do business with your company.  I would be happy to have an opportunity to work with your firm. Referring to future contact  I look forward to seeing you next week.  Looking forward to hearing from you, ...  Looking forward to receiving your comments,  I look forward to meeting you on the (date).  I would appreciate a reply at your earliest convenience.  An early reply would be appreciated. Ending business letters ◊ Sincerely, } ◊ Yours sincerely,} for all customers / clients ◊ Sincerely yours,} ◊ Yours faithfully, in more formal letters ◊ Regards, for those you already know and/or with whom you have a working relationship 29. Helpful Hints for Business Letters Before writing a business letter, consider the following: Objective(s) Why am I writing this letter? What do I hope to accomplish? What action do I want from my reader? Your Audience Who will read this letter? How can I appeal to the reader's interest? What attitude might the reader have toward this information? Will the reader consider this good news or bad news? Organization What information should be included first/last? What details does the reader need to know? Does my conclusion motivate the reader to do something? Do I end the letter in a positive and polite manner? Professionalism Do I use a professional business letter format? Do my language and style show a positive attitude toward the reader/the company/the product/the information. Will my reader be offended by anything in the letter? Proofreading Are there any spelling errors, typos, etc.? Is the format of the letter appropriate? Have I signed my name? 30. Sample Topics for Business Letters 1. You are a sales representative for your company. Write a letter to Mike Mason of ABC Enterprises, introducing one of your new products or services. Be sure to give important details about your product/service. 2. You are a student researching a company for your business class presentation. Write to Margaret Sims, the public relations director, of the corporation you are researching, and ask for information about her company. 3. Invite Margaret Sims, public relations director of the company you are researching, to be a guest speaker during your presentation next week. (Introduce yourself as a student interested in the company.) 4. Write a letter to Margaret Sims confirming details of her speech next week. Make sure to include time, place and topic. Offer to help in any way you can. 5. You are Margaret Sims. Answer either Letter 2 or Letter 3 (above.) You may choose to accept or reject the writer's request. 6. Roger Owens, President of XYZ Corporation, will be visiting your city next week. Write a letter inviting him and his wife to dinner on Thursday night. (Be sure to specify the time and place of the dinner.) 7. You are Roger Owens. Respond to the Letter 6 (above) accepting or declining the invitation 31. Writer's Checklist For Business Letters 1. Receiver (Who are you writing this to?) Someone you know (friend, colleague, business partner, group, company) Some one you don't know (To whom it may concern, Dear Sir/Madam) How do you expect the receiver to respond? 2. Sender (Who are you?) What is your relationship to the reader/receiver(s)? What role are you assuming in the letter? (friend, colleague, etc.) 3. Context (What background information does the reader need?) Bring the reader up to date first. Establish a connection As requested . . . It was nice meeting you in Toronto last week . . . I read your article in Vague Magazine . . Supporting details Time frame (sequence of events) 4. Message (What do you want the reader to know or do?) What do you hope to accomplish with the letter (inform, persuade, initiate action) I am writing to inquire about . . . Could you please send me . . . Polite requests Please . . . Would you mind . . . Could you please . . . Would you be so kind as to . . . 5. Medium (What is the appropriate format?) Fax, e-mail, formal business letter, memo, informal note 6. Tone (What tone do you wish to convey?) informative polite business-like friendly humble assertive urgent irate 7. Other recipients (Are there others who need to be informed of this communication?) cc: courtesy copy Useful Expressions - Business Presentation 32. Nervous Mannerisms What do you do when you are nervous? Everyone has different reactions to nervousness. By being aware of your particular nervous mannerism, you can work to overcome them. Here are some common mannerisms exhibited when giving a speech. Do you do any of them? Bite your fingernails Tap your feet Wave your hands/arms Play with your hair Move around a lot Speak too fast Speak too slowly Become stiff Shake/Shudder Play with objects in pockets, etc. Make strange facial expressions Say "uh", "uhm" Tap on the table/podium Repeat yourself Breathe heavily Sweat Giggle Pause inappropriately Clam up/Become speechless Shift your eyes Move your head around Gesture inappropriately If you do any of the above, it can be distracting to your audience. Being aware of what you do is the first step to overcoming the habit. Watch a video of yourself, or have a colleague or friend watch you make a presentation and then give you feedback on your good and bad points. He/She can also point out if you are using any of the above nervous mannerisms 33. Presentation Tips Know Yourself Strengths Weaknesses Talents Feelings Opinions Nervousness Motivation Know Your Audience Demographics Purpose Interests Commonality Individuality Know Your Stuff Knowledge of Subject Research Personal Experience Preparation Rehearsal Present Yourself Dress Posture Voice Gestures Body Language Confidence Enthusiasm Present to Your Audience Positive Polite Interesting Informative Thought-provoking Present Your Material Organization Clarity Visuals Language Volume 34. Signposting Beginning a presentation It is common to greet the audience and introduce yourself when giving presentations: Good morning,/afternoon/evening I'm _________, the new Finance Manager. My name is ________ and I represent _______ Let me take a minute to introduce myself. Let me start by telling you a little about our company. I've already met some of you, but for those I haven't , I'm ______ Introducing the topic I'm here to talk about . . . Today, I'd like to say a few words about . . . I'm going to give you an overview of . . . The main reason I'm here today is . . . The focus of my remarks is . . . I'd like to introduce . . . Time consciousness Thank you for your time Thank you for taking the time to be here I will probably take about . . . minutes This should last only a few minutes I hope to be finished by . . . Showing organization I've divided my topic into three sections/parts. They are . . . This presentation can be divided into the following subtopics: First, Second Third Finally First of all Secondly Thirdly Last The first point is . . . The next point is . . . Next, we come to . . . The final point is . . . Sequencing Let's move on to . . . Let's move on to . . . That brings us to . . . Giving Reasons This is why . . . The main reason is . . . Therefore, So, Generalizing Generally, Usually, As a rule, Most of the time, In most cases, Highlighting Actually, In fact, As a matter of fact, In particular Particularly Especially Giving Examples For example, For instance, Such as Summarizing To sum up To summarize In brief Concluding To conclude, In conclusion, Follow-up Are/Were there any questions? We have just a few minutes for questions 35. Simple Presentations Introduction (Good morning, afternoon, evening) I'm happy to be here. I'm glad to have this opportunity to . . . Today, I'd like to talk (to you) about . . . My topic today is . . . The focus of my remarks is . . . I'd like to share some thoughts on (topic) Main points Let me start by . . . First, let me tell you about . . . I've divided my topic into (three) parts: (They are . . .) Giving examples For example, For instance, Let me illustrate, To illustrate, Conclusion In conclusion, To conclude, To summarize, To sum up, 36. Speech Preparation Choose Topic Gather Information Research Select Organize Write Practice Revise Rehearse Present 37. The Language of Charts and Graphs Types of Charts Pie chart Bar chart/graph Line graph Describing Movement Increase Decrease Recover Recovery Go up Go down Jump Slump Rise Fall Surge Plummet Improve(ment) Declined Reach (a point) Approach Types of Movement Slight Slightly Gradual Gradually Sharp Sharply Dramatic Dramatically Major Minor Movement over Time There was a gradual decline in sales. Sales declined gradually (noun usage) (verb usage) Enrollment increased by 4% in 2014. There was a 4% increase in enrollment in 2014. Immigration rose to 800,000 in 2014. Immigration rose by 20,000 in 2014. (to a point/number) (by increment) There was a 20% rise in immigration. (percentage) Taxes remained the same from 2000 to 2014. Taxes continued at 15% for two years. Static (non-movement) Description Sales stood at $1,400,000 in 2014. Profits were $27,000 in 2014. There was a loss of $21,000 in 2014. 38. Thinking Positively about Presentations People often become nervous or fearful when giving presentations. Here are some phrases you can keep in mind when preparing for and giving a presentation. About Yourself I'm happy to be here. I'm glad to have this opportunity. (Smile) (Turn nervousness into enthusiasm.) I (really) want to tell you about this. I have something interesting to tell you. About Your Audience This is something I think you should know . . . This is important (to you) because . . . You will be interested to know that . . . You will benefit by knowing this . . . About Your Subject/Material The information is as follows: A. B. C. First, I will tell you about . . . These are the main points/supporting ideas . . . The best way to understand this information is . . . Look at this. It will help you understand my topic . . . This shows (you) . . .